Which row in the table correctly describes the shape a0z 0j8tyzst8 and function of a named protein?z s aj08zt8t0y

  Which nucleic acid carries genetic material coding for proteinsr* 9g6y4epw ic?

  Which of these does not cause m1do q0q54qljjf mq*r*qo :kr)utations?

  The diagram below shows the genegt;hfr-jp9k 2m nf1*etic code table.

  Which of the following statements is false regardin o*d fy q3urx(/s./r0vp ilh1pg translation?

  Which of the following contain b.unw,w i d3s* --x: r npruz7a*(ikeepeptide bonds?
I. Amino Acids
II. Dipeptides
III. Proteins

  The table gives the genetic code. rua4e f2:bfj;8rpm d6

Which polypeptide is produced by the mRNA sequence AUG GCU AAA UAG CGA?

  Which of the following contain peptid59b iiv png).n,v*lpux0is32yn 7nn ge bonds?
I. Polypeptides
II. Amino acids
III. Proteins

  The diagram below show19ld2 tjdmov8 s the genetic code.


Which of the following features can be deduced from the genetic code?
I. Codons consisting of different bases can code for the same amino acid
II. Codon AUG does not code for an amino acid
III. mRNA strands coding for a protein will always contain codons that do not code for amino acids

  Ribosomes have three bindigymy6 swlve.*5w ; 1wing sites. Which statements are correct for the functions ofy1*ywiw gs5m;w vel6 . these sites?

  What does the phrase ‘the genetic code im)ol/ug2 k1 g)qo;ju.g eq2yos universal’ mean?

  Which of the following reactionsbj j p:i+3(nns results in the formation of a dipeptide from twosijjp (+n:nb3 amino acids?

The diagram below represents the process of transla w ay(c/ ul-510pcpaep;b:n8gigpa3w tion.

1.1.Identify structures Q and R on the diagram.

1.2.Outline the roles of the binding sites within structure R.

1.3.State the name of the entire structure which has formed in the diagram.

2.Describe how the named structure a(iii) works.

3.Describe the secondary structure of a protein.

  The diagram shows how RNA is transcribed from DNA. What structures q,,esdxktj-u:a i ak:-p965 hnzmkn7are indicateddku ait,e5 pq,mhka sznk n6x-7: 9:-j by the labels X, Y, and Z?

The diagram below shows the gene-d:q 2 qwkn dl2gs;4xktic code.


1.Identify the amino acid sequence of a peptide produced from the following mRNA codon sequence using the genetic code.
5’– AUG GGG AAG GGU CGA AGC UAA – 3’

2.Codons need to consist of a sequence of three bases to code for one amino acid. State one reason why codons need to consist of three bases.

3.Calculate the number of nucleotides present in the mRNA strand if the polypeptide synthesised has a length of 120 amino acids.

  Which statements about translaa z3s.gev u9 :c5fg.pxtion are not true?
I. Mature mRNA binds to the large subunit of the ribosome before the small subunit.
II. The A site is the first site that the initiation tRNA binds to.
III. The polypeptide chain is released when release factors bind to the E site.

  Which of the following shows the correct sequence o9l5+jp/:v.hxkqxa c nf mRNA synthesis?
I. RNA polymerase matches free nucleotides to the DNA strand.
II. Transcription continues until it reaches a terminator sequence.
III. RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

  The diagram below shows a protein composed of tu -1efhdl 1 (/nm9ls vkq ;yaj1lrw7c-hree polypeptide chains, each chain cont1 1fj9u; vlhd- slrak-1/nm7elqw y(c ains 20 amino acids.

How many water molecules would be released in the synthesis of one of these chains?

  A non-coding (antisense) strand of DNA consists of thk(ri( 1onqfoxo;ycb7( a l)b/e following nucleotides:
GGCACATTAG
Which of the following represents the RNA transcript produced by this DNA strand?

  The diagram shows a molecule that plays an impo ds4r i acy78a64ujer9rtant role in protein synthesis. ed7484 sa6cj ru9ar yi

Which is found at X?
I. Uncoiled DNA
II. Amino acid binding site
III. RNA nucleotides

  A single base substitution mutation occurs and a stop codon is not produce*7ez m- a)w-:lhrtnqc d. Which of the following is not a possible consequence of this tnmh: -*l ez q-7crtaw)ype of mutation?

  If the DNA in a somatic cell is changed in an animal as a-t 4 )fdp t(ky2:wunbw qjw fvmj+5t8; result of a mutation, which of the following w wn;2y 8t:jjwtbdtm )u-q(p54ff vk +could most significantly affect other tissues in the animal?

  Which statement about translation only app4 q6ko2yl/ueu lies to prokaryotes?

  The diagram shows a tRNA molecule. Which of the following would ky+ j,zxa4me./bj .wsbind to the position lab.jwez /,4 +. bkjmayxselled R?

The diagram below shows the replication ot;j.:,h (jlzzfq/ qk it8ft 2qf DNA.


1.Describe the characteristics of the enzyme Taq polymerase.

2.Suggest what the consequences for a cell would be if transcription were to stop.

3.Outline the roles of all enzymes involved in the replication of DNA and in the synthesis of mRNA through transcription.

1.Distinguish between eukaryotic and pbl7t0lj ie(7+tla9u vrokaryotic transcription.

2.Describe the roles of non-coding DNA sequences.

3.Describe the role of DNA-binding proteins in gene expression.

Different species of living organisms have different n a47 ivhn jakvuf7id8o* rt-34/ge/ jhumbers of genes characteristic to them. The table shows the estima4 arjhnju d/ v /ht84-7ak3 oeiivgf*7ted number of genes for five species.
Species Estimated number of genes
Escherichia coli (bacteria species) 4,000
Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) 13,000
Canis lupis familiaris (dog) 20,000
Homo sapiens (humans) 30,000
Oryza sativa (rice) 40,000

1.Using the information in the table deduce the estimated number of loci in a human genome.

2.Explain how a mutation can affect a characteristic.

1.Describe the characteristics of dq c/.el wv)y-the genetic code.

2.Outline, with examples, the importance of complementary base pairing.

3.Explain the roles of RNA and ribosomes in the formation of a polypeptide chain once mRNA has exited the nucleus.

The image below shows a short fragment of cni5 )q59z dxythe DNA molecule.


1.Suggest one possible outcome if DNA consisted of two parallel strands instead of two antiparallel strands.

2.The structure of DNA is described as being a 'double helix'. Explain how this structure is related to the DNA function.

3.Compare and contrast the nitrogenous bases thymine and uracil.

  Why can a eukaryote produce a larger numbeolh-cy )k7x j3r of mRNA transcripts than the number of genes in its genome?j-oc lyh) k3x7