Why is the depth of field greater, and the image shahtl .k*awr.s (rper, when a camera lens is “stopped down” to a larger wk. ralh*s( .tf-number? Ignore diffraction.

Describe how diffraction affects the statement that the depth+ gn* 1yps1q1 jqpi;nomf* ik6 of field is greater and the image sharper when a camera lens sipqj6 1f*1n 1goq*;npmki+ yis “stopped down” to a larger f-number.

Why must a camera lens be moved farther from the film to focus on a closer o7eed1-wjty d- m6+sryv /xas4j/ -jolbject? / vswjdajm+6 - 1dxytjs ey7-/-elor4

Why are bifocals needed mais*b 5tdi i(2bl n cxo5/.oul6bnly by older persons and not generally by younger peop 2boni t cb o65s.lx(5uldi/b*le?

  Will a nearsighted person wh*w 60 l.moi9i:akmizj o wears corrective lenses in her glasses be able to see clearly underwater when wearing those gl96 izo .:* wjkimimla0asses?  ----待选择----yesno Use a diagram to show why or why not.

You can tell whether a person is nearsighted ork-odyu7o+/qs ro( ua; farsighted by looking at the width of the; uqo/ruy-+a(sdo7 k o face through their glasses. If the person’s face appears narrower through the glasses (Fig. Below), is the person farsighted or nearsighted?

In attempting to discern distant details, people will som:zyk 0+ftlbl-etimes squint. Why does this help?-yzl:bk0 t+ lf

Is the image formed on the ).i)3 8n 0fdkqfwexnvretina of the human eye upright or inverted? Discuss the implications ofv.dnq8 wff30i)ke n) x this for our perception of objects.

The human eye is much like aiw 9wy+ usjdx9 8vye.2 camera — yet, when a camera shutter is left open and the camera is moved, the image will be blurrew+ 28svij w9 ed.yu9xyd; but when you move your head with your eyes open, you still see clearly. Explain.

  Reading glasses use converging lenses. A simple mag/ d++-mxkek9szu 8n35 g 3xnbs/iquilnifier is also a converging lens. Are reading glasses the +-8k3q+u b snuz xxsem5gn dl3iik9//refore magnifiers? ----待选择----yesno  Discuss the similarities and differences between converging lenses as used for these two different purposes.

Inexpensive microscopeswp 9aj(2j7ktq for children’s use usually produce images that are colored at the edges. W( wj2qj79 aptkhy?

Spherical aberration in a thin lens xrmpw( : tj,0xe i(m2ux+6clc is minimized if rays are bent equally by the two surfaces. If a planoconvex lens is used to form a real image of an object at infinity, which surface should face the object? Use ray diagrams to showcu+x wt m:c0 x(li(rjm,e 2x6p why.

Which aberrations present in a simple lens are not pvu d4j;vjl04 t*mo-hus0m: i hresent (or are greatly reduced) in vs 0 0jjl-4vdi*muoh4m t:hu;the human eye?

Explain why chromatic aberration occurs for thiaody/+ ojmc:7xj1c g* n lenses but not for mirrors.

  By what factor can you improve resolution, other things being equal, 5tl /mm 7u1qsrif you use blu /m57t1lqum sre light ($\lambda=450mm$) rather than red (700 $nm$)?  

Give at least two advantages for the use of large reflectijvz- 5 4r+j6rvoitn d3ng mirrors in astronomior 6-ritzvj+ 5nv3d 4jcal telescopes.

Which color of visible light would give the best resolution in a miekha86pz-fp9 g 9kru0 croscope? Expl96 zuf8kep 0prk-h9ag ain.

  Atoms have diameters d6yo5ervn 5zhh e85w2ou7ht, of about $10^{-8}\,$cm$. Can visible light be used to “see” an atom? ----待选择----yesno  Explain.

  A 55-mm-focal-length lens hq(ihn, r 2dy5,hapa05jo-ype as f-stops ranging from $f/1.4$ to $f/22$. What is the corresponding range of lens diaphragm diameters?    $\mathrm{mm}\leq D\leq$    $\mathrm{mm}$

  A television camera ls(oi()b89vn3/u t mq gb :yz83cw fptaens has a 14-$cm$ focal length and a lens diameter of 6.0 $cm$. What is its $f$-number? $f$/  

  A light meter reports that a camera setting of wyu:ks(yw *x;1 6n1wi2g 3br kxtho8 j$\frac{1}{250}\,s$ at $f/5.6$ will give a correct exposure. But the photographer wishes to use $f/11$ to increase the depth of field. What should the shutter speed be?$t_2$ = 1/   s

  A properly exposed photo)k65ub 1obdk tgraph is taken at $f/16$ and $\frac{1}{60}\,s$ What lens opening would be required if the shutter speed were $\frac{1}{1000}\,s$? $f$/  

  If an $f$ = 135-mm telephoto lens is designed to cover object distances from 1.2 m to $\infty $, over what distance must the lens move relative to the plane of the film?    mm

  A 200-mm-focal-length lens can be adjusted so that it is 200.0 mm (p:iy zx/cr eoz4 n7 rbc/q/v1to 206.0 mm from the film. For what range of object distances brn/ io4zy(e z:cc/r/vqp71xcan it be adjusted?    $\mathrm{m}\leq d_{\circ}\leq\infty$

  A nature photographer wishes to photograph a 28-mtall tree from a yk l9 zptz)g.d47s5r./1lcb fmxyqj. distance of 58 m. What focal-length lens should be used if the image is to fill the 24-mm height of thg c5z9b.m7q)lkpd x1zt/.jlsy4y rf .e film?    mm

A “pinhole” camera uses a tiny pinhole instead of a lensg; ebd1lh.3v2b 1plre m )jug3. Show, using ray diagrams, how reasonably sharp images can be formed using such a pinhole camera. In particular, consider two poi gu j1.eb2m33egr ;lpl)1dbhvnt objects 2.0 $cm$ apart that are 1.0 m from a 1.0-mm-diameter pinhole. Show that on a piece of film 7.0 $cm$ behind the pinhole the two objects produce two separate circles that do not overlap.

  Suppose that a correct expw;3 :idza.vw1 xv9gzhosure is $\frac{1}{250}\,s$ at $f/11$ Under the same conditions, what exposure time would be needed for a pinhole camera (Problem 8) if the pinhole diameter is 1.0 mm and the film is 7.0 $cm$ from the hole? $t_2$ = 1/   s

  A human eyeball is about 2.0h) gw.o*9dcqf $cm$ long, and the pupil has a maximum diameter of about 8.0 mm. What is the “speed” of this lens? $ f-stop$ = f/  

  If the nearsighted person i934b3nuo w dhun Example 25–6 wore contact lenses corrected for the onh 9 ubu34w3dfar point $(=\,\infty)$ show that the near point would be 41 $cm$. (Would glasses be better in this case?) glasses would be  ----待选择----betterworse 

  Reading glasses of what power are needed for a person 1(d*fva ap.z awhose near point is 115 $cm$, so that he can read a computer screen at 55 $cm$? Assume a lens–eye distance of 1.8 $cm$.+    D

  A person has a far point of 14 ic y2, aay4qwhg7r 2waxg9j,5 $cm$. What power glasses would correct this vision if the glasses were placed 2.0 $cm$ from the eye?    What power contact lenses, placed on the eye, would the person need?   

  A person struggles to read by holding a book at arm’s lengthn ae *iar,f4b7 ec*s;s, a distance of 45 $cm$ away (= near point). What power of reading glasses should be prescribed for him, assuming they will be placed 2.0 $cm$ from the eye and he wants to read at the normal near point of 25 $cm$? +    D

  A person’s left eye is corre-d2 gzc)ed u*ycted by a $-3.50-diopter$ lens, 2.0 $cm$ from the eye.
(a) Is this person’s left eye near- or farsighted?  ----待选择----nearsightedfarsighted 
(b) What is this eye’s far point without glasses?    cm

  A person’s right eye can see objects clearly only if they are between kxeb+ f(rt,f *25 $cm$ and 75 $cm$ away.
(a) What power of contact lens is required so that objects far away are sharp? -    D
(b) What will be the near point with the lens in place?    cm

  About how much longer is the nearsighted eye tti/:8)zzr8d,b es hz in Example 25–6 than the 2.0 $cm$ of a normal eye?    cm

  One lens of a nearsightec qly)1w1p3lz d person’s eyeglasses has a focal length of $-22.0 \, cm$ and the lens is 1.8 $cm$ from the eye. If the person switches to contact lenses that are placed directly on the eye, what should be the focal length of the corresponding contact lens?    cm

  What is the focal length of the eye–lens system when viewing an object ff r:6lm2p een/d62z a
(a) at infinity,    cm
(b) 33 $cm$ from the eye? Assume that the lens–retina distance is 2.0 $cm$.   cm

  A nearsighted person has near and far x86in/ m4efir points of 10.0 and 20.0 $cm$, respectively. If she puts on contact lenses with power $P\,=\,-4.00D$, what are her new near and far points?
near point    cm
far point    cm

  What is the magnification of a lens used with a relaxed eye if its focadi p75 o1du:aha q5:abl length i phqdu:a5i:157a aodb s 12 $cm$? =    $\times$

  What is the focal length of a magnifying glass6m7ed4ui iww1qp8 f/w 9lf7es of $3.5\times$ magnification for a relaxed normal eye?    cm

  A magnifier is rated alwvbca )+90oexp6b l7t $2.5\times$for a normal eye focusing on an image at the near point.
(a) What is its focal length?    cm
(b) What is its focal length if the $2.5\times$ refers to a relaxed eye?    cm

  Sherlock Holmes is ucz1j tr) +0lqf3di/mz l(, nf/ps 3vhpsing a 9.00-$cm$-focal-length lens as his magnifying glass. To obtain maximum magnification, where must the object be placed (assume a normal eye), and what will be the magnification?
$d_o$ =    cm from the lens
M =    $\times$

  A 3.30-mm-wide beetle is vie3,l*- ;li zajuw3skp cwed with a 9.50-$cm$-focal-length lens. A normal eye views the image at its near point. Calculate
(a) the angular magnification, =    $\times$
(b) the width of the image,    mm
(c) the object distance from the lens.    cm from the lens

  A small insect is placezonxxd*60 3 occm t5+sd 5.55 $cm$ from a $+6.00-$cm$-focal-length$ lens. Calculate
(a) the position of the image,    cm
(b) the angular magnification. =    $\times$

  A magnifying glass with a focal length ockf-bko14( ryeu( k( cf 8.5 $cm$ is used to read print placed at a distance of 7.5 $cm$. Calculate
(a) the position of the image;    cm
(b) the angular magnification. =    $\times$

  A magnifying glass is rateokx eu.4 c2y6xog-6k vd at $3.0\times$ for a normal eye that is relaxed. What would be the magnification of this lens for a relaxed eye whose near point is
(a) 55 $cm$, =    $\times$
(b) 16 $cm$? Explain the differences. =    $\times$

  What is the magnificagb v3r 8lti7 x olmy0u-c31:dation of an astronomical telescope whose objective lens has a focal lengthxm0v 1lu3d3batr7 -:o8c ilgy of 76 $cm$ and whose eyepiece has a focal length of 2.8 $cm$? What is the overall length of the telescope when adjusted for a relaxed eye?
M =    $\times$
L =    $\times$

  The overall magnification of an astronomical telescope is defwx m;gp 7*i zf2m6n*jr/j6bc sired to be 25$\times$. If an objective of 78$-cm$ focal length is used,
what must be the focal length of the eyepiece? $f_e$ =    cm
What is the overall length of the telescope when adjusted for use by the relaxed eye? L =    cm

  An 8.0$\times$ binocular has 2.8$-$cm$-focal-length$ eyepieces. What is the focal length of the objective lenses?    cm

  An astronomical telescope has an objecty dsh8 das8e -du-9ba xs,z2n6ive with focal length 85 $cm$ and a $+35-D$ eyepiece. What is the total magnification? =    $\times$

  An astronomical telescop 3l;zj/(tiu1shpz bd .e has its two lenses spaced 75.2 $cm$ apart. If the objective lens has a focal length of 74.5 $cm$, what is the magnification of this telescope? Assume a relaxed eye. =    $\times$

  A Galilean telescope adjusted for a 2qxytpir,: 2jxwt52i relaxed eye is 32.8 $cm$ long. If the objective lens has a focal length of 36.0 $cm$, what is the magnification? =    $\times$

  What is the magnifying power of an astronomical telescope using a reflecting mirf0;q voe 3,ti b6l-jzilpz:. gror whose radius of curvaturj:f06zlg ,3t bv. i-opezl; iqe is 6.0 $m$ and an eyepiece whose focal length is 3.2 $cm$? =    $\times$

  The Moon’s image appears to be magn/.ibmi.nlbd xbe) rr t:qp.x v:(nd( ;ified 120$\times$ by a reflecting astronomical telescope with an eyepiece having a focal length of 3.2 $cm$. What are the focal length and radius of curvature of the main (objective) mirror? M =    m r =    m

  A 170$\times$ astronomical telescope is adjusted for a relaxed eye when the two lenses are 1.25 m apart. What is the focal length of each lens?
$f_e$ =    mm
$f_o$ =    m

  A reflecting telescope (Fig. Below) has a radius of c-n3o/p yw ye:turvature of 3.0 m for its o: oyey-tnw/3p bjective mirror and a radius of curvature of $-1.50m$ for its eyepiece mirror. If the distance between the two mirrors is 0.90 m, how far in front of the eyepiece should you place the photographic film to record the image of a star? $d_{2i}$ =    m

  A microscope uses an eyepiece with a focaq emhvc-j7 +pf mk/jm:fp(33xl length of 1.40 $cm$. Using a normal eye with a final image at infinity, the tube length is 17.5 $cm$ and the focal length of the objective lens is 0.65 $cm$. What is the magnification of the microscope? =    $\times$

  A 620 $\times$ microscope uses a 0.40-$cm$-focal-length objective lens. If the tube length is 17.5 $cm$, what is the focal length of the eyepiece? Assume a normal eye and that the final image is at infinity. $f_e$ =    cm

  A 17-$cm$-long microscope has an eyepiece with a focal length of 2.5 $cm$ and an objective with a focal length of 0.28 $cm$. What is the approximate magnification?    $times$

  A microscope has a 1cvxfm) j+ m7;b2.0$times$ eyepiece and a 59.0$times$ objective lens 20.0 $cm$ apart. Calculate
(a) the total magnification,    $times$
(b) the focal length of each lens, $f_e$ =    cm $f_o$ =    cm
(c) where the object must be for a normal relaxed eye to see it in focus. $d_o$ =    cm

  A microscope has a 1.8ptxqg *4, 5qg15utstd -$cm$-focal-length eyepiece and a 0.80-$cm$ objective lens. Assuming a relaxed normal eye, calculate
(a) the position of the object if the distance between the lenses is 16.0 $cm$, $d_{oo}$ =    cm
(b) the total magnification.    $times$

  Repeat Problem 61 assumz fy)9uvz 2i0king that the final image is located 25 $cm$ from the eyepiece (near point of a normal eye). $d_{oo}$ =    cm   $times$

  The eyepiece of a compound microsp1hxtu6z ,::heqc g)eu5 5nkucope has a focal length of 2.70 $cm$, and the objective lens has $f=0.740\mathrm{~cm}$. If an object is placed 0.790 $cm$ from the objective lens, calculate
(a) the distance between the lenses when the microscope is adjusted for a relaxed eye, $l$ =    cm
(b) the total magnification.    $\times$

  An achromatic lens isj8 -vpe+a tb1f made of two very thin lenses, placed in contact, that have fotebvp 8+-f1ja cal lengths of $f_1=-28\mathrm{~cm}$ and $f_2=+23\mathrm{~$cm$}.$
(a) Is the combination converging or diverging?  ----待选择----convergingdiverging 
(b) What is the net focal length?    m

  Let’s examine spherical aberrpmo lj,pwzab1q --s3u/ 0iw1b ation in a particular situation. A planoconvex lens of inblju1-iwap,3 m 1p -bwqzo/0sdex of refraction 1.50 and radius of curvature $R=12.0\mathrm{~$cm$}$ is shown in (Fig. Below). Consider an incoming ray parallel to the principal axis and a height h above it as shown. Determine the distance d, from the flat face of the lens, to where this ray crosses the principal axis if
(a) $h=1.0\mathrm{~$cm$},$ $d_1$ =    cm
(b) $h=6.0\mathrm{~$cm$},$ $d_2$ =    cm
(c) How far apart are these “focal points”? $\Delta d$ =    cm
(d) What is the radius of the “circle of least confusion” produced by the $h=6.0-\mathrm{~$cm$},$ ray at the “focal point” for $h=1.0\mathrm{~$cm$},$? r =    cm

  What is the angular resolution limit (degrees) setpk* 1x(te0 5aq*91n cyajfce r by diffraction for the 100-in. (2541q5*9yefeca(a 0jxnrtcp* 1k-$cm$ mirror diameter) Mt. Wilson telescope ($\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm}$)?   $ \times10^{ -5}\;^{\circ}$

  Suppose that you wish to construct a telescope that can resolve fe. cw d,-x3jqddatures 7.0 $km$ across on the Moon, 384,000 $km$ away. You have a 2.0-$m$-focal-length objective lens whose diameter is 11.0 $cm$.
What focal-length eyepiece is needed if your eye can resolve objects 0.10 $mm$ apart at a distance of 25 $cm$? $f_e$ =    cm
What is the resolution limit (radians) set by the size of the objective lens (that is, by diffraction)?
Use $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm.}$ $\theta$   $ \times10^{ -6}\;rad$

  The normal lens on a 35-mm cn isdpr+kfj6j 0:o ;(bamera has a focal length of 50.0 $mm$. Its aperture diameter varies from a maximum of 25 $mm$ $(f/2)$ to a minimum of 3.0 mm $(f/16)$. Determine the resolution limit set by diffraction for $f/2$ and $f/16$. Specify as the number of lines per millimeter resolved on the film. Take $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm.}$
For $\frac{f}{2}$ we have $\frac{1}{RP_2}$ =    lines/mm
For $\frac{f}{16}$ we have $\frac{1}{RP_2}$ =    lines/mm

  Two stars 15 light-years away are barely resolved;+)j . zyvarqkq nxi4d(,y. km by a 55-$cm$ (mirror diameter) telescope. How far apart are the stars? Assume $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm.}$ and that the resolution is limited by diffraction.   $ \times10^{11 }\;m$

  (a) How far away can a human eye distinguish two. xa b)5 amq*k3y0cdhz car headlights 2.0 $m$ apart? Consider only diffraction effects and assume an eye pupil diameter of 5.0 $mm$ and a wavelength of 550 $nm$.
L =    km
(b) What is the minimum angular separation an eye could resolve when viewing two stars, considering only diffraction effects? In reality, it is about of arc. Why is it not equal to your answer in (b)? $\theta$ =    $\times 10^{-3}$ $^{\circ}$

  The Earth and Moon are separated by iez h.*hryp;jxg4n 7 3about $400\times10^6\mathrm{~m.}$ When Mars is $8\times10^{10}\mathrm{~m}$ from Earth, could a person standing on Mars resolve the Earth and its Moon as two separate objects without a telescope? Assume a pupil diameter of 5 $mm$ and $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm}.$  ----待选择----yesno 

  X-rays of wavelength 0.133 nm fall on a crystal whose ato *lc d2su6 7jgnww4ro+ms, lying in planes, are space*lg72o4 djuwnc6w+ rsd 0.280 $nm$ apart. At what angle \phi (relative to the surface, Fig. Below) must the X-rays be directed if the first diffraction maximum is to be observed? $\phi $ =    $^{\circ}\,$

  X-rays of wavelength 0.097 tidg t* jhyn, 2207wt5kk(gcm3 nm are directed at an unknown crystal. The second diffraction maximum is recorded w( y20mjwt5kg dt*chn i,kg2t7 hen the X-rays are directed at an angle of $\mathrm{23.4°}$ relative to the crystal surface. What is the spacing between crystal planes? d =    nm

  First-order Bragg di -kjz* gg088pgnvyi p,ffraction is observed at $\mathrm{25.2°}$ related to the crystal surface, with spacing between atoms of 0.24 $nm$.
(a) At what angle will second order be observed? $\phi_2 $=    $^{\circ}\,$
(b) What is the wavelength of the X-rays? $\lambda $ =    nm

  (a) Suppose for a conventional X-ray image that the X-ray beamm:zl adf0f/ zgg /29ob consists of parallel rays. What would beldzzg gbf02:o m9 //fa the magnification of the image? a the magnification is   
(b) Suppose, instead, the X-rays come from a point source (as in Fig. Below) that is 15 $cm$ in front of a human body 25 $cm$ thick, and the film is pressed against the person’s back. Determine and discuss the range of magnifications that results. $m_1$ =    the magnification is  

  Sam purchases $+3.50-diopter$ eyeglasses which correct his faulty vision to put his near point at 25 $cm$. (Assume he wears the lenses 2.0 $cm$ from his eyes.)
(a) Calculate the focal length of Sam’s glasses.    cm
(b) Calculate Sam’s near point without glasses. his near point is    cm
(c) Pam, who has normal eyes with near point at 25 $cm$, puts on Sam’s glasses. Calculate Pam’s near point with Sam’s glasses on.    cm from her eyes

  As early morning passed t,o 5w n 3.z4-xgwsmc. p+vewnsoward midday, and the sunlight got more intense, a photographer noted that, if she kept her shutter speed constant, she had to 5 .wwm, sn3.e ogwcx+szpv-n4change the $f$-number from $f/5.6$ to $f/22$. By what factor had the sunlight intensity increased during that time? $I_2$ =    $I_1$

Show that for objects very +-- dn 8lgkeml4 i 6g o.a7 ssyli5xg57vxfpm)far away (assume infinity), the magnification of a camera lens is progda gp+snx5) miil .5lfxm le8s-4gy k77-o6vportional to its focal length.

  For a camera equipped with a 50-m7 s- +p5oblglt 3 e4cq; p8xiuedk+q5$mm$-focal-length lens, what is the object distance if the image height equals the object height? How far is the object from the film?
$d_o$ =    mm
d =    mm

  A woman can see clearly with her right eye only when objects are between 4 :e/+ vch zms9cj;nj9j5 $cm$ and 155 $cm$ away. Prescription bifocals should have what powers so that she can see distant objects clearly (upper part) and be able to read a book 25 $cm$ away (lower part) with her right eye? Assume that the glasses will be 2.0 $cm$ from the eye.
$P_1$ =    D(upper part)
$P_2$ =    D(lower part)

  A child has a near point of 15 v44i:gs;z 2jr+jug kjf)e5mb$cm$. What is the maximum magnification the child can obtain using an 8.0-$cm$-focal-length magnifier? What magnification can a normal eye obtain with the same lens? Which person sees more detail?
$M_1$ =    $\times$
$M_2$ =    $\times$

  What is the magnifying )qk,v8y yq6ftvk0v 1s power of a $+4.0-D$ lens used as a magnifier? Assume a relaxed normal eye. $M$ =    $\times$

  A physicist lost in the mountains tries to make afs4 ;9maxe(cb.z,-kh 5me bcs telescope using the lenses from his reading glassesb.59maeb cf( kxm h4 -,;csezs. They have powers of $+2.0-D$ and $+4.0-D$, respectively.
(a) What maximum magnification telescope is possible? $M$ =    $\times$
(b) Which lens should be used as the eyepiece?    D

  A 50-year-old man us2 my/ fvd3;g3c k7)kku lyyonu)32t fjes $+2.5-diopter$ lenses to read a newspaper 25 $cm$ away. Ten years later, he must hold the paper 35 $cm$ away to see clearly with the same lenses. What power lenses does he need now in order to hold the paper 25 $cm$ away? (Distances are measured from the lens.) $P_2$ = +    D

  Spy planes fly at extremely high altitudes (20eu;n11neoapsa5c2h vu 89 qa5 $km$) to avoid interception. Their cameras are reportedly able to discern features as small as 5 $cm$. What must be the minimum aperture of the camera lens to afford this resolution? (Use $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm}.$)D =    cm

When shooting pictures at very short distances, exposure-otm 5urh.0f e times must be increased because of the increased distance of the lens from the film for a focused image.-. fro0e5mht u
(a) Show that when the object is so close to the camera that the image height equals the object height, the exposure time must be four times longer (or 2 f-stops) than when the object is a long distance away (say, $$\infty), given the same illumination and f-stop.
(b) Show that if $d_o$ is at least four or five times the focal length f of the lens, the exposure time is increased by less than half an f-stop relative to the same object being a great distance away.

  The objective lens and the eyr u4h zbvd: 2wq0 lu zt1j:yv.lgn374iepiece of a telescope are spaced 85 $cm$ apart. If the eyepiece is $+23$ diopters, what is the total magnification of the telescope? $M$ =    $\times$

  The Hubble Space Telescope, with an objective diameter oh,ogbi+9ng 0) s9fbsuf 2.4 m, is viewing the Moon. Estimate the minimum distance between two objects on the Moon that the Hubble can distisf,90oi n ugbh 9g+bs)nguish. Consider diffraction of light of wavelength 550 nm. Assume the Hubble is near the Earth.    m

  Two converging lenses, one rc;bh*:vblq) with $f=4.0\mathrm{~cm}$ and the other with $f=44\mathrm{~cm}$ are made into a telescope.
(a) What are the length and magnification? Which lens should be the eyepiece?
The distance between the two lenses is   cm
M =    $\times $
f =    cm
(b) Assume these lenses are now combined to make a microscope; if the magnification needs to be $25\times,$ how long would the microscope be?    cm

  An astronomical telescope has a magnification of 8.0. If the t259+nzhq,g hr.ltva kd8 -gpuwo lenses are 28 $cm$ apart, determine the focal length of each lens.
The focal length of the eyepiece lens is    cm
The focal length of the objective lens is    cm

  You want to design a spy satellite to photograph license plate 2tto vk6/axx( numbers. Assuming it is ( vx26kottax /necessary to resolve points separated by 5 $cm$ with 550-$nm$ light, and that the satellite orbits at a height of 130 $km$, what minimum lens aperture (diameter) is required? D =    m

  A Lucite planoconvex lens (Fig. Below) has one flat surface and the other h(tz r))hsf-hmwe fa08 c/+hze as $R=18.4\mathrm{~cm}.$ This lens is used to view an object, located 66.0 $cm$ away from the lens, which is a mixture of red and yellow. The index of refraction of the glass is 1.5106 for red light and 1.5226 for yellow light. What are the locations of the red and yellow images formed by the lens? $d_{i\,red}$ =    cm
$d_{i\,orange}$ =    cm