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?作业考试练习?美国物理杯赛(Physics Bowl)?Gravity and Planetary Motion

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习题练习：Gravity and Planetary Motion

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作者: admin 发布日期: 2025-09-14 23:04 总分: 22分得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录开始时间: 24年08月17日 16:00 切换到: 整卷模式

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08.19: Kepler’s Second Law about “sweeping out equal areas in equ4ybi-kyhl r3ok)*nlm s q4dk8g5h,d/al time” can be derived most dirembdi8g kl/ soq ,k l*4ky5rnd3-yh)4hctly from which conservation law?

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16.17:“All planets in the solar system follow elliptic)-0 (ue(y.wszfs 3wf/ri; a0 onqu liqal orbits with the Sun located squiu(0r q3afw .in s;w0o/z ly -)ef(at one focus of the ellipse.” This statement is best summarized by which one of the following choices?

A. Kepler’s First Law

B. Kepler’s Second Law

C. Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation

D. Einstein’s Law of Gravity

E. Schwarzchild’s Law of Orbits

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99.21: What happens to thexmpue 5xra5;+x.(/si5q 1 :mlykk hy o force of gravitational attraction between two small objects if the mass of each okxi;s5 yy ea:lmq5x5okm h1r.p/(xu+ bject is doubled and the distance between their centers is doubled?

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95.09 Two spherical bodies attract each other with a gravitational force of 4.0kun h2:4r( uu8ov4 77xjtj imh N. What will be the force if the d o8urm jx4ukit7 h2u:h(7nj4vistance between them is doubled?

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14.27: Two spherical, non-rotating planets, X andY, have the same uniforpl -nu8 r:k03ywjvedmpk)ajk 7f;)w0m density. Pmr:dwujfe) y0lk-j;)wkvn7p 30k a8 p lanet X has twice the radius of Planet Y. Let $g_x$ and $g_y$ represent the accelerations due to gravity at the surfaces of Planet X and Planet Y, respectively. What is the ratio of $g_x:g_y$?

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16.46 Two spherical, non-rotating planets, X and Y, have the samz,de, l 5hij.,l6uoc4i v6nqye uniform density. Planet X hasuie6jol,l6 4n.5yv qcih,zd, twice the radius of Planet Y. Let $v_x$ and $v_y$ represent the escape speed at the surfaces of Planet X and Planet Y, respectively. What is the ratio of $v_x:v_y$?

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01.16: The mass of a planet can be calculated if it is orbibg4w; rjf(acf g7z2n4 ted by a small satellite by setting the gravitational force on the satellite equal to the centripetal force on the satellite. Which of the following would NOT be reqj44r27fgzaw;cb (g n fuired in this calculation?

A. the mass of the satellite

B. the radius of the satellite's orbit

C. the period of the satellite's orbit

D. Newton's universal gravitational constant

E. all of the above are required for this calculation

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单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

99.11: Assume that the Earth attracts John Glenn with a gravitational force Fco:ft9sec.v/;2tu*j :i cn cv at the surface ofo 9vvcit e/.f cc*:uc2njt: ;s the Earth. When he made his famous second flight in orbit, the gravitational force on John Glenn while he was in orbit was closest to which of the following?

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14.30: Considering only the Moon-Earth system (ignore (s29qdpcre4*gapq; dx 2 l*be any influence of the Sun), which one of the following best expresses the magnitude of the Mo*qd(4d2xs;qr*2bpepel9 gca on’s acceleration about the Earth?

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10#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

02.19: As a rocket blasts away from the earth with a2p4+u vy3f pwc cargo for the international space station, which of the following graphs would best representpp2 cu4+w3vfy the gravitational force on the cargo versus distance from the surface of the Earth?

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11#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

99.33: One object at the surface of the Moon experiences the same gra e y 0ziunpz()0:dvgi*j*, lgkvitational force as a second object at the surface of the Earth. Which of zgzg 0dyu0*il*i:p )vj,en k( the following would be a reasonable conclusion?

A. both objects would fall at the same acceleration

B. the object on the Moon has the greater mass

C. the object on the Earth has the greater mass

D. both objects have identical masses

E. the object on Earth has a greater mass but the Earth has a greater rate of rotation.

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12#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

00.24 Consider an object that has a mass, m,tk,b6c9ucu.5b (q cjr and a weight, W, at the surface of the moon. If we assume the moon has a nearly uniform density, which of the following would be cjct6 ku,b(9 5buccr.q losest to the object’s mass and weight at a distance halfway between Moon’s center and its surface?

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13#

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96.23: A hypothetical planet hassmpvdn79kr8ay 1(/f:d +waj n seven times the mass of Earth and twice the radiusw1a8:s yd97dk (njmfp an/vr+ of Earth. The magnitude of the gravitational acceleration at the surface of this planet is most nearly:

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14#

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98.24: A planet has a radius one-half that ty1*vf36yp kvof Earth and a mass one-fifth the Earth’s mass. The gravitational accelera3v*y vyftp6 1ktion at the surface of the planet is most nearly

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15#

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08.38: Akg 1200 satellite orbits Planet X in a)t j63(gi :nk:oxmw u8if 7tzf circular orbit with a constant speed of 5,000m/s. The radius of orbit is 7,500,000 m. What is the magnitude of the grav:wu 7t nii tf8:o(kf)jm6 gz3xitational force exerted on the satellite by Planet X?

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16#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

94.34: A hypothetical planet orbits a star with mass one-hv jhreb9ku .70alf the mass of our sun. The planet’s orbital radius is the same as the Earth’s. Approximately how many Earth years does it take for thehu.krvej 97b0 planet to complete one orbit?

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17#

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97.12: Two artificial satellites, 1 and 2, are p vfpbq-9)m655 ywf(vgtx zsz; 9tygkd/*iu 0jut into circular orbit at the same altitude above Earth’s surface. The mass of satellite 2 is twice the mass of satellite 1. If the period of satellite 1 is T, what is t959gb(y)pvgj5 /;z ukf 0 ixyqt-tsdwfzvm6*he period of satellite 2?

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18#

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15.22 Satellite 1 makes a circulars:r q(vt124c-ne rzg b orbit around the Earth with a radius $r_1= R$. Satellite 2 makes a circular orbit around the Earth with a radius $r_2= 2R$. We let v represent the speed of a satellite and a represent the magnitude of a satellite’s acceleration. Which one of the following choices gives the correct relation between the speeds and accelerations of the satellites?

A. $v_2=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}v_1,a_2=\frac{1}{4}a_1$

B. $v_2=\frac{1}{2}v_1,a_2=\frac{1}{4}a_1$

C. $v_2=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}v_1,a_2=\frac{1}{2}a_1$

D. $v_2=\frac{1}{2}v_1,a_2=\frac{1}{2}a_1$

E. $v_2=v_1,a_2=\frac{1}{2}a_1$

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19#

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98.33: In the following problem, the word “weight” refers to the force a qbj , ,i8gduca xq*5-oscale registers. If the Earth wero,5aq- qg,jdx ic8 ub*e to stop rotating, but not change shape,

A. the weight of an object at the equator would increase.

B. the weight of an object at the equator would decrease.

C. the weight of an object at the north pole would increase.

D. the weight of an object at the north pole would decrease.

E. all objects on Earth would become weightless.

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20#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

10.42: A comet moves in an elliptical ottu,t5mw4u a4g8f a70pqoz b f,s)gd, rbit around the sun. As the comet moves from aphelion (the point on the orbit farthest from the suzogumt,4f,0 a t t w4g,sqa78b 5p)dfun) to perihelion (the point on the orbit closest to the sun), which of the following results is true?

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21#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

17.48: In the binary star system shown, the two stars follow circular orbm iorjw .86tgy;k38u kits about the system’s center of mass. The stars are separated by a distance D tha8m;gktiukr jo6 3y8 w.t is large compared to their size and are subject only to their mutual gravitational attraction. The orbital period of the star of mass M is T. Which one of the following choices represents the total mass of the binary star system?

A. $\frac{π^{2}D^{3}}{5GT^{2}}$

B. $\frac{4π^{2}D^{3}}{5GT^{2}}$

C. $\frac{4π^{2}D^{3}}{GT^{2}}$

D. $\frac{16π^{2}D^{3}}{5GT^{2}}$

E. $\frac{25π^{2}D^{3}}{4GT^{2}}$

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22#

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06.50: A rocket is in a circular orbit with speed vand orbital radius R aroqs:d8tga02s:eoh x x/-va5k tk f4f6vund a heavy stationary mass. An external impulse is quickly applied to the rocket directly opposite to the velocity and the rocket’s speed is slg:fa2 ex5/ sx:as46 dk -vht0oqk8 vftowed to v/2, putting the rocket into an elliptical orbit. In terms of R, the size of the semi-major axis a of this new elliptical orbit is

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总分:22分及格:13.2分时间:不限时

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