State which of the following is nofbf) ;6iakyk.pk21 svt an ozone-depleting substance (ODS).

  State which factor has not caused a mass extinction itwkz2+ib9ypx e+ e+4 nn the past.

  Identify which of the following iggaw(l1ga( i 0s not true about stratospheric ozone.

  Determine which of the following greenhous3lbtd 6o lch zg9 cl yzi*it*m7zq7*5*e gases is correctly paired with its sourct*7iz9b c *3*q*g thmdz7cl5 lzoyl6ie.

  State which is not trvj + a1 2s-0m+)jk4rksgpqerg(s (qzpax7dc5 ue regarding greenhouse gases.

  List the main greenhouse gasebdp2bbtltm c9ll8u9 ,m h 7ec5+vrj/;s.

  Figure: Variations in ozone hole area since l rldc dd2x.li:v-qj0 o9e4:uf:ie .h1979


Describe the trends seen in the graph
I.
The mean and maximum ozone hole area start to increase from 1979.
II.
The mean ozone hole area reached a maximum somewhere between 2000 and 2010.
III.
There is a downward trend from 2015 to the present for the mean ozone hole area.
.

  Figure: Variations in o10-n zzh5ay; )o ysybszone hole area since 1979


Deduce why is there a downward trend in the area of the ozone hole in recent years.

  Outline how the depletion of stratospheric ozone can impact living system rm6y fl49fo:h /ke u98iazi-as.

  Determine to which level oftv + 7t;-hcopql iie6/ pollution management strategy each of the below strategies belongho6i/ vit qpec 7;lt-+s.
I.
Passing legislation that regulates the amount of ozone-depleting substances (ODS) that are released into the environment.
II.
Developing technologies that will allow for the elimination of ODS from the ozone layer.
III.
Passing legislation that prohibits the use of ODS and requires the use of their alternatives.

  Describe ozone-depleting substancee)m lh32jpa)kuphsa,z1yeypbdh: d ,og765 *s (ODS) and their effects.
I.
Ozone-depleting substances include halogenated gases like CFCs, used as propellants in aerosols and coolants for refrigerators.
II.
The ODS reach the stratosphere and release the halogens they carry. This disrupts the normal equilibrium of ozone formation and destruction, causing a decline in ozone.
III.
The stratosphere can no longer absorb enough of the UV radiation, causing the rays to reach the surface of the Earth, harming the organisms, causing eye problems and skin cancer.

  Identify the most successful action in combatting 5/w )9 egydcw:3h6 nhh7eiigbthe decrease in the concentration of straghhi g di y:)wbw5 e97e3ch/6ntospheric ozone.

  Depletion of stratospheric ozone has+el zousehxvk7c6h*xwh r4,-.5ph) t affected life on Earth in many ways.
Identify which of the following is not the result of depletion of stratospheric ozone.

  Figure: ODS Emissions from 1961 to 2014mf6vn3,6 w ( 7qu,knma-budoz


Outline whether the Montreal Protocol has been successful in achieving its aims.

  Figure: Ozone concentration atb )tghp-(,jgp different altitudes


Identify the option that does not correctly describe stratospheric and tropospheric ozone.

  Figure: Stratospherig,;*pomnw5l v 9up 6fsc ozone concentration from 1960 to 2100

Explain the reason behind the delayed effect in ozone reformation seen in the Figure, considering that the Montreal Protocol took effect in 1989.