Why is the depth of field greater, and /f f+hj83l5ocg a p uf4ik7ze2the image sharper, when a camera lens is “stopped down” tf4j78hffl 2u ig p/o5ek+ c3zao a larger f-number? Ignore diffraction.

Describe how diffraction affects the statement 7;qb1x6ed(yslq t3d s that the depth of field is greater and tlydbs;(eqx7 d3s 16q the image sharper when a camera lens is “stopped down” to a larger f-number.

Why must a camera lens be moved fartherun ,ie:iwr29j from the film to focus on a closer object2i nwjiure: ,9?

Why are bifocals needed mainly by old;z .8paykrg9 y )w+n bazor0w0er persons and not generally by younger peopl 9gykzr8)0w.r0wp ayz+n o ;bae?

  Will a nearsighted person who weav),zt : or/njcrs corrective lenses in her glasses be able to s jt cvo)r,:/nzee clearly underwater when wearing those glasses?  ----待选择----yesno Use a diagram to show why or why not.

You can tell whether a person is nearsighte6k.8hw l nd7czd or farsighted by looking at the width of the face through their glasses. If the person’s face appears narrower through the glasses (dl86n h7wz.c kFig. Below), is the person farsighted or nearsighted?

In attempting to discern distant de2 hx /v9 0/51cwyfdunh.eqpgstails, people will sometimes squint. Why does tnvhx9ye/sph 5 q.1dgu02f w/c his help?

Is the image formed on the retina of the human eye uprix)jmjpwv-)2cuc0*u d9w8 ivz ght or inverted? Discuss the implicatio wwz02)p*iu8) ujx-jvdm c cv9ns of this for our perception of objects.

The human eye is much like a camera — yet,2,m (kwqh xp4a when a camera shutter is left open and the camera is moved, the image will be blurred; p,kh (24xqaw mbut when you move your head with your eyes open, you still see clearly. Explain.

  Reading glasses use converging lenses. A simple magnifier is also a convergingxptl q2-0*l6jhki-p n lens. Are reading 20x6h* -n lkiqjlppt-glasses therefore magnifiers? ----待选择----yesno  Discuss the similarities and differences between converging lenses as used for these two different purposes.

Inexpensive microscopes for childrenw7bufr 6o,j rmbjk2g b:s( i.0’s use usually produce images that are colored at the edg,(7j2bub6rwir msjb. f 0o kg:es. Why?

Spherical aberration in a thin lens is mi2 yvb rl) fq5mmv qv-yf,4e,/knimized if rays are bent equally by the two surfaces. If a planoconvex lens is ummyybf 4qv2ef/rvq ) k,-, l5vsed to form a real image of an object at infinity, which surface should face the object? Use ray diagrams to show why.

Which aberrations present in a lfhwd+qc4d** h8sn:xsimple lens are not present (or are greatly reduced) inn dlx hc4h8 +w*:sdf*q the human eye?

Explain why chromatic aberration occurs for thin lenses but 8 n9dgtrb6 y+fnot for mirrors.

  By what factor can you improve resolution, ir5a;p 73ie.zs3ud0 fs55 zj8r7ym7bspy yzd other things being equal, if you use bpsys.z dp5r yzfa73 3iez8bds5 7; mr0y75 ijulue light ($\lambda=450mm$) rather than red (700 $nm$)?  

Give at least two advantages for the use of large reflecting mirrors in astf4vek g;4x *keronom*e4gkv; k4fe xical telescopes.

Which color of visible ligqjk4h w 6l/8m;yy0dffht would give the best resolution in a microscope? Explmyqjdfl/;0fyw8 4kh 6ain.

  Atoms have diameters yl;-tfq()c or of about $10^{-8}\,$cm$. Can visible light be used to “see” an atom? ----待选择----yesno  Explain.

  A 55-mm-focal-length lens has f-stop.o5 y.zfen+k9qq2 f gfs ranging from $f/1.4$ to $f/22$. What is the corresponding range of lens diaphragm diameters?    $\mathrm{mm}\leq D\leq$    $\mathrm{mm}$

  A television camera lens e-1mxfr;/l ai has a 14-$cm$ focal length and a lens diameter of 6.0 $cm$. What is its $f$-number? $f$/  

  A light meter reports that a ca. 0:glcs5+di kmcibc0mera setting of $\frac{1}{250}\,s$ at $f/5.6$ will give a correct exposure. But the photographer wishes to use $f/11$ to increase the depth of field. What should the shutter speed be?$t_2$ = 1/   s

  A properly exposed photogrlbx )1bjfkxgb1:-ge -aph is taken at $f/16$ and $\frac{1}{60}\,s$ What lens opening would be required if the shutter speed were $\frac{1}{1000}\,s$? $f$/  

  If an $f$ = 135-mm telephoto lens is designed to cover object distances from 1.2 m to $\infty $, over what distance must the lens move relative to the plane of the film?    mm

  A 200-mm-focal-length lens can be adjusted so that it is .ojs3sy - o-jo200.0 mm to 206.0 mm from the film. For yss-.3 jj o-oowhat range of object distances can it be adjusted?    $\mathrm{m}\leq d_{\circ}\leq\infty$

  A nature photographer wishes to photograph a 28- / 27knkgie.eumtall tree from a distance of 58 m. What focal-length lens should be used if the imageuk/kgie.en7 2 is to fill the 24-mm height of the film?    mm

A “pinhole” camera uses a tiny pinhole instead of a lens. Show, using y i(e geksjdh,rwx990 1z+m3l ray diagrams, how reaig9zerkmxl1 jsd(+0y , wh3e 9sonably sharp images can be formed using such a pinhole camera. In particular, consider two point objects 2.0 $cm$ apart that are 1.0 m from a 1.0-mm-diameter pinhole. Show that on a piece of film 7.0 $cm$ behind the pinhole the two objects produce two separate circles that do not overlap.

  Suppose that a correct exy koig 5j1): b-un8ijqposure is $\frac{1}{250}\,s$ at $f/11$ Under the same conditions, what exposure time would be needed for a pinhole camera (Problem 8) if the pinhole diameter is 1.0 mm and the film is 7.0 $cm$ from the hole? $t_2$ = 1/   s

  A human eyeball is ab7w wa/y s8j )-lwkb+/c5fo wytout 2.0 $cm$ long, and the pupil has a maximum diameter of about 8.0 mm. What is the “speed” of this lens? $ f-stop$ = f/  

  If the nearsighted person in Example 25–6 wore concykw11lj 1/lhs5 x;uz tact lenses corrected for the fax lh ;ukl115zswyj1/cr point $(=\,\infty)$ show that the near point would be 41 $cm$. (Would glasses be better in this case?) glasses would be  ----待选择----betterworse 

  Reading glasses of what power are needed for a person whose neasbv5b,z/ i9dd2 -czzc r point is 115 $cm$, so that he can read a computer screen at 55 $cm$? Assume a lens–eye distance of 1.8 $cm$.+    D

  A person has a far point of 14 )2: 8ag9m+kpr miuqzs $cm$. What power glasses would correct this vision if the glasses were placed 2.0 $cm$ from the eye?    What power contact lenses, placed on the eye, would the person need?   

  A person struggles to read by holding a b; )a7ofgx1b imxer26ph v:h ,aook at arm’s length, a distance of 45 $cm$ away (= near point). What power of reading glasses should be prescribed for him, assuming they will be placed 2.0 $cm$ from the eye and he wants to read at the normal near point of 25 $cm$? +    D

  A person’s left eye is corrected by l02d adk73a ana $-3.50-diopter$ lens, 2.0 $cm$ from the eye.
(a) Is this person’s left eye near- or farsighted?  ----待选择----nearsightedfarsighted 
(b) What is this eye’s far point without glasses?    cm

  A person’s right eye can see objects clearly only if they are betwg+b.hapg dd8 1een 25 $cm$ and 75 $cm$ away.
(a) What power of contact lens is required so that objects far away are sharp? -    D
(b) What will be the near point with the lens in place?    cm

  About how much longer is the nearsighted eye in Example wg4cii9a. dxqy1 h zh8m 0qs1+25–6 than the 2.0 $cm$ of a normal eye?    cm

  One lens of a nearsih.u;+ js ib3u(jr/fi jghted person’s eyeglasses has a focal length of $-22.0 \, cm$ and the lens is 1.8 $cm$ from the eye. If the person switches to contact lenses that are placed directly on the eye, what should be the focal length of the corresponding contact lens?    cm

  What is the focal length of the eye–lens system when e z z9.vxa k+ld9/vqw3viewing an object
(a) at infinity,    cm
(b) 33 $cm$ from the eye? Assume that the lens–retina distance is 2.0 $cm$.   cm

  A nearsighted person has near and far poi8gb3hnn z7 d:ynts of 10.0 and 20.0 $cm$, respectively. If she puts on contact lenses with power $P\,=\,-4.00D$, what are her new near and far points?
near point    cm
far point    cm

  What is the magnification of a lens u7 wup4)y /tsjdsed with a relaxed eye if its focal length is td/y) uj7 pws412 $cm$? =    $\times$

  What is the focal length of yuvvh3iqp 6s,/ sb4 -wa magnifying glass of $3.5\times$ magnification for a relaxed normal eye?    cm

  A magnifier is ratedwk9z ky*98p7p ihsc2w at $2.5\times$for a normal eye focusing on an image at the near point.
(a) What is its focal length?    cm
(b) What is its focal length if the $2.5\times$ refers to a relaxed eye?    cm

  Sherlock Holmes is using;fj9 vw74;*cl rjnkl p a 9.00-$cm$-focal-length lens as his magnifying glass. To obtain maximum magnification, where must the object be placed (assume a normal eye), and what will be the magnification?
$d_o$ =    cm from the lens
M =    $\times$

  A 3.30-mm-wide beetle is viewed wit -t e4j.n.th:9sira ox7t*ftph a 9.50-$cm$-focal-length lens. A normal eye views the image at its near point. Calculate
(a) the angular magnification, =    $\times$
(b) the width of the image,    mm
(c) the object distance from the lens.    cm from the lens

  A small insect is placed 5.55 z)wq* a-cgc,2ksz+ 2c kc.xvf$cm$ from a $+6.00-$cm$-focal-length$ lens. Calculate
(a) the position of the image,    cm
(b) the angular magnification. =    $\times$

  A magnifying glass wiy rum59tp-pkaynsi) 7*1s 8hfth a focal length of 8.5 $cm$ is used to read print placed at a distance of 7.5 $cm$. Calculate
(a) the position of the image;    cm
(b) the angular magnification. =    $\times$

  A magnifying glass is rath(q 3q 0(mbkiced at $3.0\times$ for a normal eye that is relaxed. What would be the magnification of this lens for a relaxed eye whose near point is
(a) 55 $cm$, =    $\times$
(b) 16 $cm$? Explain the differences. =    $\times$

  What is the magnification of an astronomical telescopodqvkb )l/: ,je whose objective lens has a focal length of 7kbd) q:v lo/,j6 $cm$ and whose eyepiece has a focal length of 2.8 $cm$? What is the overall length of the telescope when adjusted for a relaxed eye?
M =    $\times$
L =    $\times$

  The overall magnification of an aq++pu )or:2s ktq+xujstronomical telescope is desired to be 25$\times$. If an objective of 78$-cm$ focal length is used,
what must be the focal length of the eyepiece? $f_e$ =    cm
What is the overall length of the telescope when adjusted for use by the relaxed eye? L =    cm

  An 8.0$\times$ binocular has 2.8$-$cm$-focal-length$ eyepieces. What is the focal length of the objective lenses?    cm

  An astronomical telescov bube-6h -l)rpe has an objective with focal length 85 $cm$ and a $+35-D$ eyepiece. What is the total magnification? =    $\times$

  An astronomical telescopo 5s8j q:3 w; s .rod5)mha7nn6snknvee has its two lenses spaced 75.2 $cm$ apart. If the objective lens has a focal length of 74.5 $cm$, what is the magnification of this telescope? Assume a relaxed eye. =    $\times$

  A Galilean telescope adjusted for a relaxed eye is rvv)8+cvk 2pt32.8 $cm$ long. If the objective lens has a focal length of 36.0 $cm$, what is the magnification? =    $\times$

  What is the magnifying power of an astronomical telescopu,6/k6hn h feme using a reflecting mirror whose radius of ce/,h6mu hf nk6urvature is 6.0 $m$ and an eyepiece whose focal length is 3.2 $cm$? =    $\times$

  The Moon’s image appearwa.2-)xq 6ugq)1-irivnlslos to be magnified 120$\times$ by a reflecting astronomical telescope with an eyepiece having a focal length of 3.2 $cm$. What are the focal length and radius of curvature of the main (objective) mirror? M =    m r =    m

  A 170$\times$ astronomical telescope is adjusted for a relaxed eye when the two lenses are 1.25 m apart. What is the focal length of each lens?
$f_e$ =    mm
$f_o$ =    m

  A reflecting telescope (Fig. Below) has a radius of curgd9)k5y( csyi vature of 3.0 m for its objective mirror a9 5gdksiyy)( cnd a radius of curvature of $-1.50m$ for its eyepiece mirror. If the distance between the two mirrors is 0.90 m, how far in front of the eyepiece should you place the photographic film to record the image of a star? $d_{2i}$ =    m

  A microscope uses an eyepiece with a focal length of86/ugumzylx oux4() m 1.40 $cm$. Using a normal eye with a final image at infinity, the tube length is 17.5 $cm$ and the focal length of the objective lens is 0.65 $cm$. What is the magnification of the microscope? =    $\times$

  A 620 $\times$ microscope uses a 0.40-$cm$-focal-length objective lens. If the tube length is 17.5 $cm$, what is the focal length of the eyepiece? Assume a normal eye and that the final image is at infinity. $f_e$ =    cm

  A 17-$cm$-long microscope has an eyepiece with a focal length of 2.5 $cm$ and an objective with a focal length of 0.28 $cm$. What is the approximate magnification?    $times$

  A microscope has a 12qynbkt)s/8 ) j.0$times$ eyepiece and a 59.0$times$ objective lens 20.0 $cm$ apart. Calculate
(a) the total magnification,    $times$
(b) the focal length of each lens, $f_e$ =    cm $f_o$ =    cm
(c) where the object must be for a normal relaxed eye to see it in focus. $d_o$ =    cm

  A microscope has a 1.8px byn0 7 ezt9:z1kovr9i jo:7-$cm$-focal-length eyepiece and a 0.80-$cm$ objective lens. Assuming a relaxed normal eye, calculate
(a) the position of the object if the distance between the lenses is 16.0 $cm$, $d_{oo}$ =    cm
(b) the total magnification.    $times$

  Repeat Problem 61 assuming thaa dj7mvkj8v 6,t the final image is located 25 $cm$ from the eyepiece (near point of a normal eye). $d_{oo}$ =    cm   $times$

  The eyepiece of a compoundlf c 1u31 od khzz:bafi2j6bt.b/4wt. microscope has a focal length of 2.70 $cm$, and the objective lens has $f=0.740\mathrm{~cm}$. If an object is placed 0.790 $cm$ from the objective lens, calculate
(a) the distance between the lenses when the microscope is adjusted for a relaxed eye, $l$ =    cm
(b) the total magnification.    $\times$

  An achromatic lens is made of two very thin lenses, placed in contact, tha.rkvdsdv j hm40 0(d,pt have focal lengths.d,00kv4v phs rdd m(j of $f_1=-28\mathrm{~cm}$ and $f_2=+23\mathrm{~$cm$}.$
(a) Is the combination converging or diverging?  ----待选择----convergingdiverging 
(b) What is the net focal length?    m

  Let’s examine spherical aberration in a particular situatio u uq hnx e)gxs;go6 d)wch0+61zs*.nbn. A planoconvex lens ofgx)ubw q xncu.61g+soe*6s ) hd0 ;hnz index of refraction 1.50 and radius of curvature $R=12.0\mathrm{~$cm$}$ is shown in (Fig. Below). Consider an incoming ray parallel to the principal axis and a height h above it as shown. Determine the distance d, from the flat face of the lens, to where this ray crosses the principal axis if
(a) $h=1.0\mathrm{~$cm$},$ $d_1$ =    cm
(b) $h=6.0\mathrm{~$cm$},$ $d_2$ =    cm
(c) How far apart are these “focal points”? $\Delta d$ =    cm
(d) What is the radius of the “circle of least confusion” produced by the $h=6.0-\mathrm{~$cm$},$ ray at the “focal point” for $h=1.0\mathrm{~$cm$},$? r =    cm

  What is the angular resolution limit (degreesy:n hjxatj 6e,y z(g3d /9jjrq*a,p9y) set by diffraction for the 100-in.t3:zg paqd ehy9jy/ (*an xy6jrj, ,9j (254-$cm$ mirror diameter) Mt. Wilson telescope ($\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm}$)?   $ \times10^{ -5}\;^{\circ}$

  Suppose that you wish to construct a telescope that can resolve feature(gkr9 )j7 h ,4 0msrlfx7wsakvs 7.0 $km$ across on the Moon, 384,000 $km$ away. You have a 2.0-$m$-focal-length objective lens whose diameter is 11.0 $cm$.
What focal-length eyepiece is needed if your eye can resolve objects 0.10 $mm$ apart at a distance of 25 $cm$? $f_e$ =    cm
What is the resolution limit (radians) set by the size of the objective lens (that is, by diffraction)?
Use $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm.}$ $\theta$   $ \times10^{ -6}\;rad$

  The normal lens on a 35-mm cj m9o6 l7xxcz8amera has a focal length of 50.0 $mm$. Its aperture diameter varies from a maximum of 25 $mm$ $(f/2)$ to a minimum of 3.0 mm $(f/16)$. Determine the resolution limit set by diffraction for $f/2$ and $f/16$. Specify as the number of lines per millimeter resolved on the film. Take $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm.}$
For $\frac{f}{2}$ we have $\frac{1}{RP_2}$ =    lines/mm
For $\frac{f}{16}$ we have $\frac{1}{RP_2}$ =    lines/mm

  Two stars 15 light-years away are barely resolved by a 5e/x )iujd -xwmtm-uul f0++ .eummc ).5-$cm$ (mirror diameter) telescope. How far apart are the stars? Assume $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm.}$ and that the resolution is limited by diffraction.   $ \times10^{11 }\;m$

  (a) How far away can a human eye distinguifn4rc+3zn690phzhb e sh two car headlights 2.0 $m$ apart? Consider only diffraction effects and assume an eye pupil diameter of 5.0 $mm$ and a wavelength of 550 $nm$.
L =    km
(b) What is the minimum angular separation an eye could resolve when viewing two stars, considering only diffraction effects? In reality, it is about of arc. Why is it not equal to your answer in (b)? $\theta$ =    $\times 10^{-3}$ $^{\circ}$

  The Earth and Moon are sepaui7 19eh u- qrscl:/pmrated by about $400\times10^6\mathrm{~m.}$ When Mars is $8\times10^{10}\mathrm{~m}$ from Earth, could a person standing on Mars resolve the Earth and its Moon as two separate objects without a telescope? Assume a pupil diameter of 5 $mm$ and $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm}.$  ----待选择----yesno 

  X-rays of wavelength 0.133daflv ( z d(zy.3; c0qwqj/wg( nm fall on a crystal whose atoms, lying in planes, are spaced 0.2azf(g(z 3.d ly0dc;(qwvjw/q80 $nm$ apart. At what angle \phi (relative to the surface, Fig. Below) must the X-rays be directed if the first diffraction maximum is to be observed? $\phi $ =    $^{\circ}\,$

  X-rays of wavelength 0.0973 nm are directed at an unknown crystal. The sdrfa23( )mt*9 b b x,mmxdom+becond diffraction maximum is recorded when the X-rays are directed at an adf( m2x rmbx9,b+ad m*)b3tom ngle of $\mathrm{23.4°}$ relative to the crystal surface. What is the spacing between crystal planes? d =    nm

  First-order Bragg diffraction is obsv5o rum 6).dzab 7v4+tn1 cn9wd bw*fjerved at $\mathrm{25.2°}$ related to the crystal surface, with spacing between atoms of 0.24 $nm$.
(a) At what angle will second order be observed? $\phi_2 $=    $^{\circ}\,$
(b) What is the wavelength of the X-rays? $\lambda $ =    nm

  (a) Suppose for a conventional X-ray image that the X-ray beam consis il6;-ur1 id qos(d1a)n3ic gzts of parallel rays. Wi gi)6ic1(load 1z; sd-q r3unhat would be the magnification of the image? a the magnification is   
(b) Suppose, instead, the X-rays come from a point source (as in Fig. Below) that is 15 $cm$ in front of a human body 25 $cm$ thick, and the film is pressed against the person’s back. Determine and discuss the range of magnifications that results. $m_1$ =    the magnification is  

  Sam purchases $+3.50-diopter$ eyeglasses which correct his faulty vision to put his near point at 25 $cm$. (Assume he wears the lenses 2.0 $cm$ from his eyes.)
(a) Calculate the focal length of Sam’s glasses.    cm
(b) Calculate Sam’s near point without glasses. his near point is    cm
(c) Pam, who has normal eyes with near point at 25 $cm$, puts on Sam’s glasses. Calculate Pam’s near point with Sam’s glasses on.    cm from her eyes

  As early morning passed toward midday, and the8qblzb/3jl .n77ar om sunlight got more intense, a photographer noted that, if she kept her shutter speebzn7.rljab 8q 7/ o3mld constant, she had to change the $f$-number from $f/5.6$ to $f/22$. By what factor had the sunlight intensity increased during that time? $I_2$ =    $I_1$

Show that for objects very far away (assume infinity), the m c8e.z4m:o;g/e ,izqui 4nvh :dgff3z agnification of a camera lens is proportionf qeg zmfz:8;vec/4i4u o,d3h.i ngz :al to its focal length.

  For a camera equippehowm ,rx12f 9m 6wlj(qd with a 50-$mm$-focal-length lens, what is the object distance if the image height equals the object height? How far is the object from the film?
$d_o$ =    mm
d =    mm

  A woman can see clearly with hex m2)k4fy2 btir right eye only when objects are between 45 $cm$ and 155 $cm$ away. Prescription bifocals should have what powers so that she can see distant objects clearly (upper part) and be able to read a book 25 $cm$ away (lower part) with her right eye? Assume that the glasses will be 2.0 $cm$ from the eye.
$P_1$ =    D(upper part)
$P_2$ =    D(lower part)

  A child has a near point ofzht:-j itjf7r1+t t3-fgh3sp 15 $cm$. What is the maximum magnification the child can obtain using an 8.0-$cm$-focal-length magnifier? What magnification can a normal eye obtain with the same lens? Which person sees more detail?
$M_1$ =    $\times$
$M_2$ =    $\times$

  What is the magnifying power of:a0ocs h5r rl) a $+4.0-D$ lens used as a magnifier? Assume a relaxed normal eye. $M$ =    $\times$

  A physicist lost in the mountains tries w1eq e 0lz(kvaxp8vw7h-f 0;t6m9gv y to make a telescope using the lenses from his reading glasses. They have power6- ;peh1f 9gm(q vye7wx0z0 8tkvlwa vs of $+2.0-D$ and $+4.0-D$, respectively.
(a) What maximum magnification telescope is possible? $M$ =    $\times$
(b) Which lens should be used as the eyepiece?    D

  A 50-year-old man useu0d 8uaqto b (3l6.a.k d:aopjs $+2.5-diopter$ lenses to read a newspaper 25 $cm$ away. Ten years later, he must hold the paper 35 $cm$ away to see clearly with the same lenses. What power lenses does he need now in order to hold the paper 25 $cm$ away? (Distances are measured from the lens.) $P_2$ = +    D

  Spy planes fly at extremely high vvfb: k /6uim2 je6,uhaltitudes (25 $km$) to avoid interception. Their cameras are reportedly able to discern features as small as 5 $cm$. What must be the minimum aperture of the camera lens to afford this resolution? (Use $\lambda=550\mathrm{~nm}.$)D =    cm

When shooting pictures at very short distances, exposure,dhhk(izmfyz0 5 hm0 / times must be increased because of the increased dis kmdyim ,(0/zf0hh hz5tance of the lens from the film for a focused image.
(a) Show that when the object is so close to the camera that the image height equals the object height, the exposure time must be four times longer (or 2 f-stops) than when the object is a long distance away (say, $$\infty), given the same illumination and f-stop.
(b) Show that if $d_o$ is at least four or five times the focal length f of the lens, the exposure time is increased by less than half an f-stop relative to the same object being a great distance away.

  The objective lens and the eyepivi as4h:x7(f:4xy rr gece of a telescope are spaced 85 $cm$ apart. If the eyepiece is $+23$ diopters, what is the total magnification of the telescope? $M$ =    $\times$

  The Hubble Space Telescope, with an objective diameter of 2.4 m, is vievhvluq3z f(i;u6) 7s :.:bfa dq0ebgzwing the Moon. Estimate the minimum distance between two objects on the Moon that the Hubble can distinguish. Consider diffraction of light of wavelength 550 nm. Assume zh:vubf)bf0zs3 :qil q( e.g67;d vuathe Hubble is near the Earth.    m

  Two converging lenses, one wix x ljfyz33(:ufzv-/ah1 yt8.; xnsll th $f=4.0\mathrm{~cm}$ and the other with $f=44\mathrm{~cm}$ are made into a telescope.
(a) What are the length and magnification? Which lens should be the eyepiece?
The distance between the two lenses is   cm
M =    $\times $
f =    cm
(b) Assume these lenses are now combined to make a microscope; if the magnification needs to be $25\times,$ how long would the microscope be?    cm

  An astronomical telescope has a magnification of 8.0. If the two lenses aren-f8vcnc7e, z8mr 3aq 28 $cm$ apart, determine the focal length of each lens.
The focal length of the eyepiece lens is    cm
The focal length of the objective lens is    cm

  You want to design a spy satellite to photograph license *vplvl ca;fsc :uyh2dxk6:.3 t5 f)z iplate numbers. Assuming it is necessary to resolve points6v:fz3c )l* ukf h5ixpd2.tl yca;v:s separated by 5 $cm$ with 550-$nm$ light, and that the satellite orbits at a height of 130 $km$, what minimum lens aperture (diameter) is required? D =    m

  A Lucite planoconvex lens (Fig. *: m9.scptjjeBelow) has one flat surface and the other has $R=18.4\mathrm{~cm}.$ This lens is used to view an object, located 66.0 $cm$ away from the lens, which is a mixture of red and yellow. The index of refraction of the glass is 1.5106 for red light and 1.5226 for yellow light. What are the locations of the red and yellow images formed by the lens? $d_{i\,red}$ =    cm
$d_{i\,orange}$ =    cm