Which of the following is the smallest unit of heat eah6knfmj 14 y e8/qr;knergy?

  The amount of heat necessary to raise the temperaturept*v0us/m8 *8*ap0rg( 2f ii-j1 fflahrhumv of 1 gram of water by $1 \; ^{\circ}C$ is referred to as the

  The measure of the average kinetic energy of individual molecb;c:n(mwiy) epm1s 6zules is referred to ay)w(6iebc :zp1mm s ;ns

  A cup of water is scooped up from a swim(6y/ nyv2rx0xjbq, fvming pool of water. Compare the temperature T and the internal energ60x(/v2n yq,j vybxrfy U of the water, in both the cup and the swimming pool.

  The internal energy of an ideal gat6po6r *+j2kd 5fji ryaj yg:3s depends on

  An ideal gas at STP is first compressed until its volume is hw7ui7o *bvy j,alf the initial volume, and then it is allowed to expand until its pressure is half the initial pressure. All of this is done while ji7y,w bvo7*uholding the temperature constant. If the initial internal energy of the gas is U, the final internal energy of the gas will be

  An ideal gas with internajnfjnpm0. q auxq;8i4y ;wj9a 7t d-4el energy U at $200 \; ^{\circ}C$ is heated to $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. Its internal energy then will be

  The reason ocean temperature nm9q(7p26 xxcjhzd zxkv)g*x2bo wb6u/ x8 3rs do not vary drastically is that

  It is a well-known fact that wateo,n +1+rqr:alx makk6pd4t g*r has a higher specific heat capacity than iron. Now, consider equal masses of water and iron that are initially in thermal equilibrium. The same amount of heatt+kx4r rmlogak6p1+,qn a*: d, 30 calories, is added to each. Which statement is true?

  A thermally isolated system is made up of a hot piece of aluminum and a cold pie56(i9jt2 xaj ry:tzr9w9 .cg koh5ph j; g8nqzce of copper; the aluminum and the copper are in thermal contact. The specific heat capacity ofapojjggnz6wr:jzhq85txyri9k 5. 2 ;( 9h9 tc aluminum is more than double that of copper. Which object experiences the greater magnitude gain or loss of heat during the time the system takes to reach thermal equilibrium?

  Phase changes occur

  The heat required to change a substance from the solid to thrx0vntw *:)zh e liquid state is referred to * wxnr0 h:ztv)as the

  The heat required to change a substan4-p:01 gf w1q-otu6esqdq educe from the liquid to the vapor state is referrp-ed 6uq d4gw1qtu :eq 01sof-ed to as the

  If heat is added to a pure substance at a steady rrl9h1ea8w nmh)+xc,n ate,

  When a solid melts

  When a liquid freezef.li1jqa,noc j1z*:l q ew7;o s

  When a liquid evaporkwews*b, )sm d19jx 22w6 byetates

  When a vapor condensex7pxm s36vjm:r ax7p)bnpew(7 3 o*kis

  In a cloud formation, water vapor condenses into w bl9 je45ufm9vc(i 0x q2efvw(ater droplets which get bigger and bigger until it rains. This will cause the temperature of the jq ee24f9b(9umlw5xiv vc0( fair in the clouds to

  Turning up the flame under a pan of boilinubcxkinn qen -)0g q072on,ln.tv+ 44 zc; ypjg water causes

  Equal masses of water p/bu8 . dm3ijsat $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ and $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ are mixed. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A chunk of ice ($T = -20 \; ^{\circ}C$) is added to a thermally insulated container of cold water ($T = 0 \; ^{\circ}C$). What happens in the container?

  The process whereby heat flows by means of molecular cmum.(z/4u/ ac ap7cxoollisions is referred to asuxaomac(z /ucp4/ m 7.

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism does one end of an iron bar dqrf(4b: -u7wvad 5xs become hot when the other end is placed in a7xd-qdf :s5w4uv (ba r flame?

  On a cold day, a piece of metal fe9 micr79tdx)0v p:mi aels much colder to the touch than a piece of wood. This is due to the difference in which one of the following physical propertymimtrv :d7a9x0ci p9)?

  If you double the thickness of a wall built from a homogeneous material,q2f l:)xke9ux f o:ve2 the rate of heat loss for a given temperfx :29fqoel2 v)e:xku ature difference across the thickness will

  A layer of insulating material with thermal conduct, gt2r jvrkjj 4(,ur*rivity K is placed on a layer of another material of thermal conductivity 2K. The lay *kjgvt,r4u (jjr rr,2ers have equal thickness. What is the effective thermal conductivity of the composite sheet?

  The process whereby heat flows by the ma6jl i;d syas4s;e9q q7ss movement of molecules from one place to aj9;q;q6sl7 y aisds 4enother is referred to as

  By what primary heat trat6f bfxr0:(kw.+e joix01kj ansfer mechanism is a pot of water heated on a stove?

  Convection can occurth6u0pno e0 v,o2vmkcfqp2 u*xnb50:

  Which of the following best explains why sweating is impdjj1e++cob 8m ;mtug,ortant to humans in maintaining suitable body te md ,m;ct+8ub+jjeo g1mperature?

  A spaceship is drifting in an environment fx3gmu5yv/ ;ep :qlv;0eh fe5where the acceleration of gravity is essentially zero. As the air on one side of the cabin is heated by an electric heater, whaeelgyf;5e f0q ;vpu m/:v5xh3t is true about the convection currents caused by this heating?

  Consider two neighboring rectangular houses built from the same matshk udf7cil,/rc5.+zmnh() j erials. One of the houses has twice the length, width, and height of the other. Under identical climatic conditions, what would be true about the rate that heat would have to be supplied to maintain the same inside temperature on a cold day? Compared to the small house, the larger house m/cz )lhnj7sid.+ uk(5frc ,hwould need heat supplied at

  If the absolute temperature of a radiator is doubled, byy x/is6ao3h /w what factor does the radiating power change?x 63y/o/swh ai

  The process whereby heat flows in the absence of any medium is;kkmdshq8 43a referred to as

  By what primary heat transfer mechanism does uwfkxa pc4,lwb1*+7+ jkpnm8j1xzu cng; *f/the Sun warm the Earth?

  1700 J of work is equivalent to homvk 5cr0rgk/8h1sopy9vps/:, tpm k,w much heat?

  16.5 kcal of heat is equivalent to how much wq,jk y:4 mqk/ s29mearork?

  Gasoline yields $4.8 \times 10^{7} \; joules$ per kg when burned. The density of gasoline is approximately the same as that of water, and 1 gal = 3.8 L. How much energy does your car use on a trip of 100 mi if you get 25 mi per gallon?

  How much heat is needed to raise the temperature of 10gp f:viac0iq h* vd57)ru/ql 30 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) by $15 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  If 40 kcal of heat is added to 2.0 kg of water, what is the resulting tempevdir0nl* c9l5 ax* g;trature; li9*g*la ntvx05dcr change?

  A 4.0-kg aluminum blue./rukf6d 0w) g7lic ock is originally at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If 160 kJ of heat is added to the block, what is its final temperature?

  150 kcal of heat rai iqryevn5* 4)sses the temperature of 2.0 kg of material by $400 ^{\circ}F$. What is the material's specific heat capacity?

  A person tries to heat up hery-1jf9 mw d/e 5q7 1hoqkpb/nd bath water by adding 5.0 L of water at $80 \; ^{\circ}C$ to 60 L of water at $30 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the water?

  A machine part consists o q4:(uu,msmwi +jb 3ler fg 3y7,rtbz)pe4* kef 0.10 kg of iron and 0.16 kg of copper. How much heat is added twurl4u(43my,bie7s)*,g z:jm qr3bk fe+e p to the gear if the temperature increases by $35 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  50 g of lead ($c = 0.11 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is put into 75 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the mixture?

  A 0.600-kg piece of metal is heated tox9 nq)(g v6bei $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and placed in an aluminum can of mass 0.200-kg which contains 0.500 kg of water initially at $17.3 \; ^{\circ}C$. The final equilibrium temperature of the mixture is $20.2 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the specific heat of the metal?

  A 0.10-kg piece of copper, initiall7k,3qcoq3,r 4tlrh wr y at $95 \; ^{\circ}C$, is dropped into 0.20 kg of water contained in a 0.28-kg aluminum can; the water and aluminum are initially at $15 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the final temperature of the system?

  If 50 g of material atp p*/j2r h73wpu iznv* $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ is mixed with 100 g of water at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, the final temperature is $40 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the specific heat of the material?

  Two equal mass objects make up a system that is therm* 9we/mq aonp.i jb99ially isolated from its surroundings. One object has an initial temperature of p.9nw/aq9mb ei9j*i o$100 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the other has an initial temperature of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. What is the equilibrium temperature of the system, assuming that no phase changes take place for either object? (The hot object has a specific heat capacity that is three times that of the cold object.)

  On his honeymoon, Jameso 60/lr jmtfv3/kj bcjd-- nv* Joule attempted to explore the relationships between various k -d/ lt*c6vfrojn m/3jb 0-jvforms of energy by measuring the rise of temperature of water which had fallen down a waterfall on Mount Blanc. What maximum temperature rise would one expect for a waterfall with a vertical drop of 20 m?

  The water flowing over Niaeh)wz6d s/ fu,n8glm dv9yo4o ic;+5ugara Falls drops a distance of 50 m. Assuming that all the gravitational energy is converted to thermal energy, by what temperce5oso9i, )l /4+; zhv8ddu6gnymu fwature does the water rise?

  A 200-L electric water heater uses 2 kW. Assuming no heat lo)nyv io 0t/iyxf)52 wdss, how long would it take to heat water in this tank from05v f)w n/2odi)yxtiy $23 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $75 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  A 5000-W heater is used to heat water. How long will itk.iloy 8yl tu2gv;2.v take to heat 20 kg of wa;l..ylgt u y8kov 22ivter from $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to $100 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  An aluminum kettle (mass 1 s)tajh *va1no urqhedd .;w;3:x. ka;000 g, $c = 0.22 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$) holds 400 g of pure water at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$. The kettle is placed on a 1000 W electric burner and heated to boiling. Assume that all the heat from the burner heats the kettle and its contents, and that a negligible amount of water evaporates before boiling begins. Calculate the amount of time required to bring the water to boil.

  In grinding a steel knife blade (specific heatx, 1xfoo v3n.0uqs .yro4 r:pw = $0.11 \; cal/g \cdot ^{\circ}C$), the metal can get as hot as $400 \; ^{\circ}C$. If the blade has a mass of 80 g, what is the minimum amount of water needed at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$ if the water is not to rise above the boiling point when the hot blade is quenched in it?

  How much heat must be remoq81dod5l/aic 9;ue cwzf,9vjved from steam to change it to liquid?

  Ice has a latent heat of fusion of 80 kcal/kg. How much heat is requhts7r57 4pdq wired to melt 200 g owdq7rt7 sp4h5 f ice?

  How much heat energy is needed to change 10 jssit9em )/ w*kg of ice at $-20 \; ^{\circ}C$ to water at $50 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat needs to bes-s,r+swi7 q djfe : r9uxx1e; removed from 100 g of $85 \; ^{\circ}C$ water to make $-5 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice?

  The heat of fusion of ice is 80 kcal/kg. When 5xf ra3c8y*nh.0 g of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to 50 g of water at $25 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the final temperature?

  Eight grams of water izm uq6+ vg uy at5px/la6s.6;cnitially at $100 \; ^{\circ}C$ are poured into a cavity in a very large block of ice initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many g of ice melt before thermal equilibrium is attained?

  A block of ice at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is added to a 150-g aluminum calorimeter cup that holds 200 g of water at $10 \; ^{\circ}C$. If all but 2.00 g of ice melt, what was the original mass of the block of ice?

  If 2.0 kg of water ahs(vc xc2/ku9t $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ is to be vaporized, how much heat must be added?

  How much heat energy is needed to change 10 kg of water ath6gq *neh ds+sz9y5n+ $50 \; ^{\circ}C$ to steam at $120 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How much heat is requ5ivcke84 wjhc5 )o2jcired to change one gram of $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $120 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  How much heat is required to change 100 g ofe9i fk/dhkud f40 .qzt5*4 xhb $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ ice to $150 \; ^{\circ}C$ steam?

  A person makes ice tea by adding ice to 1.8 kg of hot tea, initially at 3oii dg ojs/b2ksr7j hz.8t;.$80 \; ^{\circ}C$. How many kilograms of ice, initially at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$, are required to bring the mixture to $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  The heat of fusion of lead is 5.9 kcal/kg, and the heat of vapt1 tukgs j.63qorization is 207 kcal/kg, and its meltijs6ktq 1t .gu3ng point is $328 \; ^{\circ}C$. How much heat is required to melt 50 g of lead initially at $23 \; ^{\circ}C$? (The specific heat of lead is $0.031 \; kcal/kg \cdot ^{\circ}C$)

  The thermal conductivp: o :an s0jwsx0/rfd1ity of concrete is $0.8 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$ and the thermal conductivity of wood is $1.1 \; W/m \cdot ^{\circ}C$. How thick would a solid concrete wall have to be in order to have the same rate of flow through it as an 8-cm thick wall made of solid wood? (Assume both walls have the same surface area.)

  The thermal conductivity of aluminum is twice that of brass. Two q-d.,)xam y wm.1g)b-g;m /adco fpbu k(fr /krods (one aluminum and the other brass) are joined together end to end in excellent the- /x) yw.dmrkd; ,ku1 cf(b po-am)f bgmg.q/armal contact. The rods are of equal lengths and radii. The free end of the brass rod is maintained at $0 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the aluminum's free end is heated to $200 \; ^{\circ}C$. If no heat escapes from the sides of the rods, what is the temperature at the interface between the two metals?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimensions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If trj t kp)y9 bqk*z3k: k;uwp2:yhe outside temperatureyk;3 9z*ku:yb qk )r:tjpwp k2 is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, what is the rate of heat conduction through the window?

  A window glass 0.50-cm thick has dimenkb q3.3i-pdwi sions of 3.0 m by 1.5 m. If the outside temp.ip -bqi kdw33erature is $-10 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the inside temperature is $20 \; ^{\circ}C$, how much heat flows through the window in one hour by conduction only?

  How much heat will flow in 1.0 hour through a 2.0 m x 2.0 m section off:bm x1mlwil)-*uvs-2zn l 8 r concrete mlir2b -sv-ll)xzf 8 w*:1mnu($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) 10 cm thick if the inside temperature is $21 \; ^{\circ}C$ and the outside temperature is $4 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  How long will it take to transfer 1,000,000 l. 3w4b (zm7q6 u 1nupq9plknscal of heat through a $2.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) if the temperature differential is $10 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  What is the outside temperbv1w a2bxy8y 39vq6qwature if 4000 kcal of heat is lost through a $4.0 \; m^{2}$ pane of 0.30 cm thick glass ($k = 2.0 \times 10^{-4} \; kcal/s \cdot m \cdot ^{\circ}C$) in one hour from a house kept at $20 \; ^{\circ}C$?

  In an electric furnace used for refining steel, the temperaturenk q*pnu dg+; l+47oux is monitored by measuku;*qn +ulxd ngp4+7oring the radiant power emitted through a small hole of area $0.5 \; cm^{2}$. The furnace acts like a blackbody radiator. If it is to be maintained at a temperature of $1650 \; ^{\circ}C$, at what level should the power radiated through the hole be maintained?

  At what rate is the wj0kpj q11fh9human body radiating energy when it is at $33 \; ^{\circ}C$? Take the body surface area to be $1.4 \; m^{2}$, and approximate the body as a blackbody.

  What temperature exists inside a solar collector (oew em0rfm/f .(t4l1 geffective collection area of $15 \; m^{2}$) on a bright sunny day when the outside temperature is $+20 \; ^{\circ}C$? Assume that the collector is thermally insulated, that the Sun radiates the collector with a power per unit area of $600 \; W/m^{2}$, and that the collector acts as a perfect blackbody.